Cement composition and process of making the same.



UNITED STATES PATENT, FFICE.

ANDREW THOMA, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO THOMA CORPORATION, OF PORTLAND, MAINE, AJOORPORATION OF MAINE.

CEMENT COMPOSITION AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 4, 1907.

Original application filed October 2, 1905, Serial No. 280,957. Divided and this application filed October 24, 1906. Serial No. 340,337.

T 0 all w/umt it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, ANDREW THOMA, a citizen of the .United States, residing at Cambridge, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Cement Composition and Process of Making the Same, of which the following descripti on is a specification. I

This is a division of my original application Serial No. 280,957, filed October 2, 1905.

My invention, although primarily intended for factory use, provides a cement, andmethod of making the same, having a wide field of usefulness. Primarily I intend my cement as a substitute for the present volatile, oxidizing and transitory rubber cement so commonly used in modern shoe factories,

and with this in view I provide a cement having no solvent or volatile ingredient and no oxidizing agent, but characterized. by the permanent character of its base or vehicle. it does not change on repeated reheating, and is at the same time always liable, waterproof and fireproof, and capa le of meeting all the exacting requirements of a shoe factory. 7

In making shoes it is desirable to use rubber or gutta percha, but on account of the volatile and inflammable nature of the naphtha-solvents in these cements, it is customary either to deliver freshcement each morning rto keep the cement in an out-building away from the main factory, where it often rapidly wastes and deteriorates and in time tirely the solvent and non-cementitious ele-w ments;

My cement is not only non-volatile and non-inflammable, and self-sustainingso that.

it may be kept exposed in quantity in the factory ready for either future or nstant use, but is characterized by being brought to 'a short condition so that it does not become stringy orsmeary, but sets instantly, and, as

its entire body consists of cementitious mat- Accordingly,-

ter (as distinguished from the commonly employed cement, which contains only 6% of cementitious matter,) a' very fine film will answer, inasmuch as each particle is essentially cementitious or sticky. It is pliable, practically changeless, and sufiers no loss in quantity or quality through evaporation (not true of other waterproof cements.) Applied in a thin layer as described, it does not harden or stiffen so as to fracture the coating, but remains permanently 1n itsoriginal condltlon.

I provide a predominating or controlling come non-oxidizing or atmospherically resistant under conditions of use. This develops the cementitious character of these ingredients excessively, and the result of the melting heat is that they retain this excessive cementitious character and impart it permanently to the predominating base and other ingredients. The latter I will set forth more at length in connection with the various uses and variations contemplated for my invention.

Vegetable gums and resins as a rule con tain oxidizing elements, which tend gradu-' ally to destroy the first asserted natural elements, or. at best to make them unstable. The resins contain essential oils which when exposed to the atmosphere are constantly evaporatin rendering the mass hard and brittle, whi e the gums are charged with drying destructive resins, waxes, oils, etc. which,

under the influence of the atmosphere, quickly destroy the life and value of the first assert;

ed qualities of adhesion, toughness, elasticity and pliability. I neutralize or overcome this oxidizing and unstable matter by a predominating amount of material which is fundamentally opposed to the self-destructive elements and is at the'same time not onlyprotective-in its nature but is disintegrating,

enveloping, self assertive and controlling,

I 5 each other and then united with a non-oxidizing element, and the latter dissolvescrtain parts, unites with and envelops others, and smooths and overpowers the otherwise unstable and unworkable elements, so that thereby this neutralizing and reclaiming base gains, by the dissolution of the gums, structural strength, toughness, adhesiveness, and binding qualities. These are the sought-for qualities for my use. v i This cement is not subservient to water,

and is extremely water-repellent, not onlypreventing the entrance of Water into the leather which it has been applied to, but when applied to'damp leather being capable, under certain conditions, of repelling or driving out and replacing the water sufficiently to enable the cement to obtain a strong adhesive grip upon the fibers of the leather, so that it may be used directly on tempered or moistened leather, which has not been possible with the previous leather cements. Also it afiord's a coating which is firm and stable, by which I mean that it will not run, blur or smooch, so that it can be applied, for instance, to shoe soles before soaking and yet after said soaking process, it will still serve to stick them instantly and surely tothe welt or other part as desired.

7 In modern shoe factories the demands are for quickness, effectiveness and economy, and accordingly I have sought for ingredi+ ents which are relatively inexpensive, and yet when combined in the manner and proportions hereinafter stated form a permanent or unchangeable mass, tacky in character, and. hence readily applicable in a very thin layer, which instantly enetrates into and unites with the surface fiber of the leather so as not to be undermined or repelled by water, grease or sizing (met commonly in leather, fislpepially split and viscolized leather and the I have found that, under the action of heat, the sticky residuum of petroleum, known as under a strong heat can do this without de-V I tracting'from the normal character of the predominating base and other ingredients.

brought to substantial uniformity by supply,-

wax tailings, is an excellentsolvent of certain They serve to harden the extremely fluid wax I tailingsflup to a tough, firm, pliable mass.

These may be used to advantage for a base or I a part of the base, especially the tarry byproducts of coal distillation and the lowmelting asphalt residuums from the various petroleum refining processes (and which I have included among the varieties of wax tailings.) Tarry fluids and oils are objectionable on account of their odor, and as one of the features which I have sought for is an odorless cement (having the essential understood that I will vary the amountof hardening and toughening ingredients accordingly', so as to produce the required toughness, relative hardness or. self=sustaining capacity, and strongly adherent qualities.

The wax tailings or sticky resinous res iduum of petroleum from diflerent oil fields differs very decidedly, but it may readily be mg any deficiency or by adding require 1ngredients, and it can be originally distilled so as to develop and retain t e essential characteristics for mypurpose, so as not to require any tempering or treating, but ordinarily for proper results I employ 50 to parts ofthe wax tailings to about 25 parts of the resinoushardening mass and about 20 parts of the ummy, elastic body. For example, accor ing to the varying conditions, I

use -60 parts of, Wax tailings to 30 parts of rosin and 10 parts of tuna gum, or to 20 or 25 parts of rosin and 20 or 25 parts of pon- 'tianac or 50 parts of-wax tailings to 25-parts each of rosin "and stearin pitch; or 50 arts of Wax tailings to 25 parts each of stearm pitch and hydro-carbon; (such as is oifered in the market, of a natural origin, as those known in the trade and market by the" names of kapak, gilsonit, or manjak, etc., or of an artificial or partly artificial origin, as mineral rubber, hard tarry distillate of petroleum, etc.) or 20 parts of linseed oil (boiled to a semi-viscous state) to 30 parts of rosin or the like, 30 parts of stearin pitch and 20'parts of boiled pontianac; or 20 parts of linseedoll (boiled as before) to 30 parts .of ros1n or resinous pitch, 20 parts of stearin pitch, and 15 parts each of gutta percha and pontlanac (both boiling); or 50 parts of wax tailings to 25 each of rosin and gutta percha, the latter boiling as before. In each case the ingreclients are put together by heat, being maintained under heat until reduced to a smooth flowing liquid. In case the stearin pitch is used alone as a base, the softer variety is used, asit is not as free flowing as the wax tailings. The proportions of the latter ingredient in the above formulae are those I have found desirable with the product sold in the open market as hard wax tailings from the refineries at Bayonne, N. J., which is the variety of petroleum residuum that meets my requirements best. These formulae are adapted to the more complete embodiment of my invention, in which I have succeeded in producing a compound of such a consistency and character that it is selfsustaining when en masse so that it can be packaged in a self-sustaining body when supported by an enveloping layer of tissue paper, plaster of paris, whiting, lime, talc or the like.' This self-packaging feature I do not herein claim, as it is duly claimed in my original application Ser. No. 280,957 filed Oct. 2, 1905, from which the resent case is a divisional application. T e resinous hardening mass aids materially in producing the required quick-setting character and in preventingthe cement from remaining plastic, as desired for shoe sole work, but which is not needed for shoe upper work. The vegetable gums, reduced by heat to a sticky, strongly adhesive state supply an element of elasticity (as distinguished from a putty-like or latent stickiness). And all the ingredients, under the heat-treatment, contribute to the prominent cementitious character of the cement with a resultant absence of tendency to smear or smooch, to run and to become stringy. This contributes neatness and economy in use, and the non-oxidizing and atmospherically resistant character of my composition, taken with its strength and ,pliability gives great endurance or toughness, and permanency of condition and body or hile Ihave described invention in all its preferred details, it willg ibe understood that, excepting as expressly limited in certain of the claims, I amnot restricted thereto. I have emphasized using heat as the initialmixing means, as by far the best repackage, as well as permanency of adhe sion. 1

sults are'thus, obtained, and for the same reasons I prefer to employ heat, as distinuished from mechanical means, not only for mixing but for applying the cement. On the other hand mechanical mixing, as for instance by mills such as are used-in rubber factories in which the thorough i'ntermixing of the componentsof my composition is Wholly due to the action and friction of the rolls, also produces a compact form of the cement, as the vegetable gums retain their natural consistency and toughness, and allow an .easy shaping into parcels and handling commercially. I employ a larger proportion of the .vegetable gum when the mechanical mixing alone is employed for securing better and permanent adhesion, as in cementing channels. In other cases the non-oxidizing adhesive constituents act as a stiffening agent on the gummy elastic constituents, with wh ch they are so thoroughly incorporated as to render the otherwise unworkable vegetable gummy mass permanently workable, and, when united with the non-oxidizing stiffening agent, permanently sticky and non-oxidizing in tendency.

My cement is further distinguished by be .ing extremely fluid when heated, permanently cementitious, as distinguished from the various well known gutta percha cements, which are thick when heated, and re quire local application of heat, as by a hot iron, in order to become effective, and even then they are only transiently or momentarily effective. Also my cement employs a base with a low melting point and non-oxidizable, such as wax taillngs, toughened or hardened and given the right consistency so as to be adaptable for use .with shoe uppers, linings and soles, for holding the parts in the various preparatory stages prior to, and during stitching etc., it being common to apply the cement in practice even days before the parts are subsequently joined in the final shoe. It will be apparent that anoxidizing cement, and especlally one incapable of use when cold or under damp conditions would be useless under such circumstances.

My cement is not only non-oxidizing or unchangeable and permanently adhesive and tacky in the ordinarysense,but it is permanently binding in its nature by which I mean that it -is sufficiently penetrating, strong, quick and active in its stickiness to cling not only to the surface to which it is applied, but to an opposite surface pressed against the same, thereby binding said two surfaces immovably and permanently together. It is distinguished in this respect from rubber cements, which cling strongly to the superposed surface and Weakly to the surface to which originally applied, so that they are free to peel off from the original surface.

In use the leather parts whichjhave been coated with my cement may be joined immediately, or they may remain for days when the cement has-cooled before being joined. For instance, in cementing soles, the cement on account of its penetration instantly envelops the outer fibers producing a tenacious and permanently active surface coating, so

' heat, and, although it is a non-conductor of that the thorough subsequent soaking of the soles in water to soften them for the final laying and shaping process, cannot dislodge or' I have set this' undermine. the cement. forth at length in my copending application Serial No. 328,046 filed July 27, 1906, where the same is claimed broadly. My cement is preferably supplied hot, and only a very-thin film is necessary, thereby securing economy.

and efiectiveness, and as it sets at once I secure quickness. It sets quickly because it cools rapidly on account of its low specific heat, yet when spread in contact with a heat absorbing surface or a surface of a lower temperature, it parts instantly with its relatively non oxidizing, non

5 elastic cold.

small amount of heat energy, i. e., it sets at once;

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is: y 1. A cement, consisting of an atmospherically resistant, permanently adhesive mass, short when hot, low-melting, and quick-setting when allowed-to cool quickly.

2. A cement, consisting of a non-volatile, non-oxidizing, permanently adhesive and binding body thinly fluid when heated ,low. melting, and permanently cementitious under 5. A cement, consisting ot a non-oxidizing,

"permanently tacky base combined with an elastic gum'and a hardening and toughening medium.

- 6'. A cement, consisting of a non-oxidizing, erfiianeiitly sticky basecombined with a ar en stantially self-sustaining state when cold. v

7'. A cement, consisting .of'a non-oxidizing,

permanently adhesive, odorless mass, short. when hot, low-melting, and when allowedto cool quickly. 8. Acement,consisti ngo anon-oxidizing,-

quick-setting odorless, permanently sticky combined toughening medium.

9. A cement,.con's1stingaof. wai sailings combined withavegetable elaiitic gum. f

and. toughening -medium, [the whole being normally semi-solid min a sub- 10. A cement, consistin of wax tailings combined with stearin pitc and a vegetab e elastic um.

11. combined with a hardening and toughening agent and a vegetable elastic gum.

cement, consisting of wax tailings- 12. A cement, consisting of wax tailings combinedwith rosin and a vegetable elastic gum. I

13. A cement, consist of wax tailings combine'd'with rosin and bolled gutta percha.

14. A cement, consisting of wax tailings, stearin pitch, and gutta-percha boiled together. I a

15. The process, consisting of combining a gummy elastic mass with a non-oxidizing adhesive mass by so intimately and thoroughly mixing and incorporating one into the other as to overcome the oxidizing tendency of the gummy mass and impart thereto a permanent workable stickiness.

16. The process, consisting of thoroughly mixing together a non-oxidlzing, adhesive,

' low-melting mass and a gummy elastic mass by commingling the one with the other until the natural tough consistency of the gummy mass has been neutralized by the low-melting softenin influence of the non-oxidizing mass and t e oxidizing tendency of the gummy mass has been neutralized'and apermanent workable stickiness imparted thereto.

17. The process, consisting of taking a base of non-oxidizing adhesive material 1n preponderating [amount and combinin it by heat with a gummy elastic mass, an maintaining the heat until any oxidizing tendency of the latter is permanently overcome and a permanent stickiness imparted thereto.

18; The process, consising of taking a base of non-oxidizing adhesive material, and com bining it by heat with a hardening and toughening mass, and with a gummy elastic mass, the heat until any oxidizv mg tendency o the-latter is permanently and mainta' overcome.

19. The recess, consisting of taking abase of non-0x1 izmg adhesive'material, and combining it byheat witha' resinous hardening taining the heat until any oxidizing tendency permanent stic ess imparted thereto.

of non-oxi izing adhesive material, and com- ;bjning'it by heat-[with aminera'ltar and rdsun'and a gummy elastic mass, and main -mass,-and a gummy elastic mass, and mainof the latter is ermanently overcome and 9.

taining' the heatr ny oxidizing tendency y essimparted thereto. 21. The process, consisting of a reinforc' the ble elasticgum.

of the latter is 1plelrrnanently overcome and a I permanent'sti with an elastic gum, and a-hardening and dominatin'gquantity of Wax-taiI in g Q, an re same under heat a vegeta- 22. The process,'consisting of taking apredominating quantity of wax tailings, and stearin pitch, and reinforcing the same under heat with a vegetable elastic gum.

23. The process, consisting of taking a base of non-oxidizing adhesive material, combining it by heat with a gummy elastic mass, and maintaining the heat until a thorough disintegration of the gummy mass is effected, whereby any oxidizing tendency of such mass is removed or overcome and consequently permanent stickiness is imparted thereto.

24. The process, consisting of taking a base of non-oxidizing adhesive material, combining it by heat with a gummy elastic mass, and

maintaining the heat until a thorough disintegration of the gummy mass is effected,

whereby a permanent stickiness is imparted to said. gummy mass.

25. The process, consisting of taking a base of non-oxidizing adhesive material, combining it by heat with a resinous hardening mass and a gummy elastic mass, and maintaining the heat until the gummy mass has become thoroughly disintegrated whereby any oxidizing tendency of such mass is permanently overcome and a permanent stickiness imparted thereto;

In testimony whereof, I have signed my 30 name to this specification, in the presence of two. subscribing witnesses.

ANDREW THOMA. Witnesses:

GEO. H. MAXWELL, EDWARD MAXWELL. 

